Santa Or Satan Essays - Santa Claus, Christian Folklore

Santa Clause Or Satan? To Whom It May Concern: I lament to educate you that, as of now, I will not, at this point have the option to serve Southern United States on Christmas Eve. Because of the staggering current populace of the earth, my agreement was renegotiated by North American Fairies and Elves Local 209. I currently serve just certain territories of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. As a feature of the new and better agreement I likewise get longer breaks for milk and treats so remember that. Be that as it may, I'm sure that your youngsters will be in acceptable hands with your neighborhood substitution who happens to be my third cousin, Bubba Claus. His side of the family is from the South Pole. He shares my objective of conveying toys to all the great young men and young ladies; notwithstanding, there are a couple of contrasts between us. Contrasts Such As: There is no risk of a Grinch taking your presents from Bubba Claus. He has a weapon rack on his sleigh and a guard sticker that peruses: These toys guaranteed by Smith and Wesson. Rather than milk and treats, Bubba Claus lean towards that kids leave a RC cola and pork skins [or a moon pie] on the chimney. What's more, Bubba doesn't smoke a channel. He plunges somewhat snuff however, so please have a vacant spit can convenient. Bubba Claus' sleigh is pulled by floppy-eared, flying' coon hounds rather than reindeer. I wrongly loaned him two or three my reindeer one time, and Blitzen's head currently disregards Bubba's chimney. You won't hear On Comet, on Cupid, on Donner and Blitzen... when Bubba Claus shows up. Rather, you'll hear, On Earnhardt, on Wallace, on Martin and Labonte. On Rudd, on Jarrett, on Elliott and Petty. Ho, ho, ho! has been supplanted by Yee Haw! Furthermore, you additionally are probably going to hear Bubba's mythical people react, I her'd dat! As required by Southern expressway laws, Bubba Claus' sleigh has a Yosemite Sam wellbeing triangle on the back with the words Back off. The last I heard it additionally had different embellishments on the sleigh back also. One is Ford or Chevy logo with lights that race through the letters and the other is a cartoon of me (Santa Claus) going potty on the Tooth Fairy. The typical Christmas film works of art, for example, Miracle on 34th Street and It's a Wonderful Life won't be appeared in your arranged survey territory. Rather, you'll see Boss Hogg Saves Christmas and Smokey and the Bandit IV highlighting Burt Reynolds as Bubba Claus and many state watch vehicles colliding with one another. Bubba Claus doesn't wear a belt. On the off chance that I were you, I'd ensure you, the spouse, and the children turn the other way when he twists around to put presents under the tree. Lastly, exquisite Christmas melodies have been sung about me like Rudolph The Red-nosed Reindeer and Bing Crosby's Santa Claus Is Coming to Town. This year melodies about Bubba Claus will be played on all the AM radio broadcasts in the South. Those tune title will be Mark Chesnutt's Bubba Claus Shot the Jukebox; Cledus T. Judd's All I Want for Christmas Is My Woman and a Six Pack, and Hank Williams Jr's. If You Don't Like Bubba Claus, You can push It. Genuinely Yours, Santa Clause Claus Individual from North American Fairies and Elves Local 209 Book index none Extraordinary Issues

Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investigation - Assignment Example Downturn influenced different enterprises. Brew, being an extravagance item, saw a record breaking drop in deals as the negligible penchant to devour liquor decreased. This was because of the diminished buying power. Significant expense and low salary decreased the sum that individuals spent on lager utilization. Be that as it may, after the downturn, the clients had more pay to spend on extravagances and brew, in this way, request pushed deals up (WSJ; October 2, 2012). Top brew makers picked up an incentive after the downturn, however their brands couldn't hang on their offer costs, they fell. The greatest players in the business, Anheuser-Busch Inc. saw record deals of 39.9% in 2011 and 39.7 in 2012. The firm was firmly trailed by Molson Coors preparing n mill operator fermenting. The diagram (iii) in the informative supplement shows the top brew marks in the business In spite of the serious conditions in the United States mixed refreshments and tobacco industry, specialty brew has picked up esteem and their brands have more appeal. The art preparing sub-industry improved and recorded a 15% development in 2011 and 17% in 2012. In 20122, the specialty brew area had a piece of the overall industry of 10.2%. The specialty brew sub-industry is relied upon to proceed with the development pattern if every single monetary condition stay consistent or improve. Boston lager is the greatest maker of specialty brew with over 15.7% piece of the overall industry in the blending business. The organization contends in both high caliber and premium lagers and furthermore on low evaluated brew. The organization has a specialty unit that produces premium lager under the name Sam Adams to rival set up preparing mammoths. Boston Beer gloats being the biggest specialty lager brewer in the United States. It is additionally positioned 6th in the blending business as far as deals. The offer cost of the SAM as of eleventh April 2014 is $234.4 per share that spoke to little top development. The income per share (EPS) remained at $6.80; this suggests each offer gave by the organization had an arrival of $6.80 as of April 2014(Yahoo! Money). This is a

How to Draft a Lesson Plan in 6 Steps

The most effective method to Draft a Lesson Plan in 6 Steps Before understudies plan an exercise, they have to initially recognize the learning goals for the class meeting for which they are arranging, so they can structure powerful learning exercises and make techniques for achieving these targets. For those contemplating instruction, figuring out how to compose an exercise plan is an essential ability since it will fill in as a roadmapâ for what their future understudies should pick up during class time. Step by step instructions to SAVE MONEY IN COLLEGE Before they plan an exercise, the understudies need to initially recognize the learning goals for the class meeting for which they are arranging, so they can structure powerful learning exercises and make methodologies for achieving these destinations. Underneath you will discover 6 stages to follow in the event that you need to compose an effective exercise plan. Stage 1 Framework the goals. This assists with figuring out what the understudies need to learn or achieve before the finish of class. Responding to these inquiries decides a teacher’s targets: What is the subject of the exercise? Would could it be that I need understudies to comprehend or have the option to do before the finish of the class? What do the understudies need to gain from this exercise? What are the most significant ideas, thoughts, and aptitudes the understudies need to get a handle on and apply? Stage 2 Build up an intriguing presentation. On the off chance that conceivable, start with an inquiry or action to draw in the students’ consideration, in light of the fact that an imaginative presentation can invigorate their psyches and support thinking. An assortment of approaches can be utilized to achieve this: an individual tale, chronicled occasion, intriguing issue, a genuine model, short video cuts, a testing question, and so on. One making a prologue to an exercise plan might need to think about these inquiries: Is there an approach to check if understudies know about the point? What could be these assumptions about this topic?â How might I present this point? Stage 3 Plan learning exercises. There are a few different ways of passing on topic and showing a thing or two to understudies â€, for example, utilizing genuine models, analogies, and positively visuals. As these exercises are being arranged, one should appraise how much time they should spend on every movement with the goal that each target will be cultivated. Additionally, it assists with working in additional time in the event that a clarification or conversation is required. The accompanying inquiries will assist one with figuring out which exercises are best for their exercise: By what means can I most viably clarify the topic?â What are the most imaginative, successful ways for me to best pass on the theme to my understudies? By what method can this subject be engaging?â What can be consolidated into the exercise to support the understudies? What do the understudies need to do to really get a handle on the theme? Stage 4 Decide how to check for comprehension †to check whether the understudies realized what the exercise set out to instruct. Making explicit inquiries, too foreseeing the fitting reactions to them, either orally or recorded as a hard copy, is a successful method to affirm students’ understanding. Stage 5 Build up a decision and a review. A powerful end ought to sum up the focuses shrouded in class and furthermore review what will be canvassed in the following exercise †perhaps clarifying how this exercise identifies with the following. Stage 6 Make a reasonable course of events. Gauge how much time every movement will take, and plan additional time for each. Additionally, plan only a couple of moments toward the finish of theâ class to go over revealed focuses or points that might not have been comprehended by the understudies. Summarize the key focuses. Arranging YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT In the event that you study training and need to draft an arrangement for an exercise the above data will be very valuable to peruse and follow. In the event that you lack the capacity to deal with composing a very much organized exercise plan you may educate us about your task or put in a request on our site.

Eva Survived the Holocaust - Free Essay Example

Change heading format TMea Booth Prof. Esposito HST 121 019 October 2018 Eva Survived the Holocaust What is the Holocaust / who started it all Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was the founder and leader of the Nazi Party and the most influential voice in the organization, implementation, and execution of the Holocaust, the systematic extermination and ethnic cleansing of six million European Jews and millions of other non-arynes. On January 30, 1993, the Holocaust began to occur in Nazi Germany. Insert here *continue brief summary on holocaust* Eva Schloss was born in Vienna, Austria on May 11, 1929. is the step-sister of Anne Frank? *back ground on Eva* Eva and her mother were in hiding for two years. In June 1942 Evas brother got a call-up notice to be sent to a death camp and it was at that time Eva and her family went into hiding. Eva and her family could not find a family who could take four people in because it was very dangerous to hide Jews at the time, so Eva and her family were forced to separate. Eva and her mother went to a school teachers house, different from the place her father went. Occasionally Eva and her mother went out using false identification and papers. About once a month they went out visit Evas father and brother, but other than that for two years they were stuck in a room. While the family who took them in were out living their lives Eva and her mother had to remain quiet because the neighbors might hear them. Eva and Anne were the same age. In 1938 Evas family left Austria when Hitler came in with is armies, but her father went to Holland. By the time the rest of the family were ready to follow the father the Dutch border had been closed so they snuck into Belgium. In 1939 a war was already declared, and her father decided the rest of the family should go on a visiting permit to Amster dam so the whole family would be in the same country. In February 1940 they moved to the Rembrandtplein plan which was a square in Amsterdam and across the street lived the Frank family because it was a newly built area, many German and Austrian Jews lived there. At the time Eva and Anna were both eleven years old and after school, all of the children would go out to play in the big square and that is where Eva met Anna for the first time. On May 11th, 1944 is was Evas birthday, that morning she and family went down for breakfast and heard loud knocks on the door. The gentlemen of the family went down to open the door not expecting anything to happen; as soon as he opened the doormen pushed him aside and ran up the stairs. When the family was seen the told them to put on their coats and come along with them. Evas mother tried to tell the men that they were guest and that Eva is not her child nor is she Jewish trying to avoid her daughter from getting arrested, but they knew exactly who they were, so they had no choice but to follow the order. The men took them to Gustavo Headquarters this was a fearsome experience for Eva; they threatened to kill her brother if she did not talk because they wanted to know who helped them find places to hide a nd who provided them with false identification papers. Shortly after Evas interrogation, she was first sent to a Dutch camp which was named Westerbork. Westerbork was ran by German and majority of the people in the camp were Jews. Eva and her family were only at the camp for a couple of days, then she and a hundred other Jews were for forced in a truck that had no facilities and deported to Oswiecim, Poland. The journey to Poland took days because some trucks went east, and the German troops other transports went west; due to the troops going east some trucks had to wait on the side of the road. While being on the side of the road the Germans driving the truck would open the door and collect anything that they thought was valuable and threated that if the Jews would not give up what they have they would be killed. After several days of traveling in terrible condition, the door opened and the Jews were ordered to get out. After getting out the Jew saw the sign on the station platform that says Auschwitz until then the Jews had no idea where they were going. The first command, when they arrived at the camp, was that men and women go to different sides because Auschwitz was the mens camp and the woman was kept in Auschwitz Birkenau; this marked the separation of families. Eva and her mother stayed together for quite some time then eventually they were separated. Eva was one of lucky the ones, on about two or three occasions got to see her father but she never saw her brother again; this was very unusual because most people never saw their family again. While being in the camp Eva feared that would be killed any day, that fear was with her every minute of the day. Every night and day people were selected to be killed; certain groups, work, and commanders instead of going to work they marched straight to the gas chambers. Once a week they were allowed showers which were in a shower block, and those blocks look from the outside as if they were the same as the gas chamber blocks. Every week the people in the camps did not go to the same showers; when Eva marched there she never if she was going to the showers or to be killed in a gas chamber, so this fear was always with her. With fear being the worst part about the camp the second worst was the hunger. The prisoners were so hungry that they were nearly out of their mind and they were under fit because they got a very monotonous diet. Dr. Joseph Mongla speared Evas mother. Once when Eva went to hospital blocks where Mongla worked doing mainly horrific experiments on people. He operated without an ascetic and took out certain organs to see how long people could survive, most people did not survive long after. The only people Mongla speared were twins because he was very interested in the study. Immediately when people arrived at the hospital blocks the called out any twins, babies, and old people stand aside any type of twins was speared but he eventually did some type of experiment on them as well. Eva once went to the hospital block because she had a terrible boil on her neck and she just wanted to get some cream, but the bunk maid wanted her to stay in the hospital. She knew that if she were to stay in the hospital she would never come out. Eva always told her self that she must survive and have a family, but of course, it might never have had happened. By her having this mindset she stayed certain, strong, and going perhaps more than people who were weaker and gave up at a certain point.

The Effects Of Trauma On Children And Professional Adults...

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Conclusively, mindfulness training with children and professional adults is useful in medical and clinical settings as it introduces a whole realm of benefits and it could be employed by the public education system to use for children in the classroom, such a s the start of the day in homeroom as mentioned in Hooker Fordor’s article (2008). Question 5 The reading on Sexual Abuse Images in Cyberspace: Expanding the Ecology of the Child utilizes the reknowned Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of understanding a child’s world explains that cyberspace needs to be included in children’s ecology (Martin Alaggia, 2013). Brofenbrenner’s ecological model looks to the social, emotional and physical development of children and their continuous function byShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. 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Analysis Of Hbo s Newest Drama Essay - 2175 Words

HBO’s newest drama has tons of buzz around it. The new show, West World, focuses on an alternate world that humans can travel too. The alternate world is set in America’s wild west and filled with robotic human named â€Å"hosts†. The host’s only purpose is to entertain the human guests. Guests come in the park for many different reasons but their main intent is to have sex with and murder the humanoid hosts. All the hosts are programmed to follow a certain path everyday and lead the guests on different adventures through out the park. Although the hosts have been programmed they are incredibly life like in both appearance and action. The show has brought up many cultural and philosophical questions--many of them reflecting the desires of human nature. The show attempts to address topics about ethical values of humans, and robotic creation. Although the show is based in what seems to be the future, it is a future that we are rapidly approaching. With the a dvancement of technology and creation of robots the ethical principles brought up in the show are rather important. West world serves as an important reflection not only of the ugly violent nature of humans, but also as an ethical compass for a future we could be approaching. One of the most common themes in West World is the ugliness of human nature. This alternate world is set in the wild west. The wild west was a place with no rules. Everyone was free to do just about whatever they wanted. That is part of lure of going toShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmain issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number of organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analysis – the TUI case study or I llustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are written entirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation with

Project Proposal Capital and Organization

Question: Describe about the Project Proposal for Capital and Organization. Answer: Introduction CapitaLand is a Singapore based organization that provides hospitality services to its clients in the field of real estate. It is a firm that was founded in the year 2000 and has been expanding since its initiation. The organization has set up its roots in various parts of Asia such as China, Malaysia, Indonesia and many others. There are a number of workplace hazards and issues that have come up as a major challenge in front of the managers and leadership of the organization. The report is a proposal that provides the solutions to the challenges and also covers the plan for the implementation of the same. Background Objectives To identify the existing and probable workplace hazards in the organization To assess the identify hazards and form a solution to control and prevent the same To implement the solutions in the defined schedule and budget To achieve enhanced employee satisfaction by proving them with a safe and secure work environment (Safet1, 2016) Justification Employees of the CapitaLand are exposed to a number of workplace hazards. The existing policies do not have the strength and features to prevent and control these hazards. Also, the productivity and efficiency of the employees is getting affected due to the presence of these hazards. It is therefore necessary to find solution to these challenges that may have some severe impacts on the employees and the organization as a whole (Wsps, 2016). Proposed Solution The challenges that are associated with the workplace hazards can be resolved through a step by step process and the same has been proposed to be implemented in the organization. There shall be three broad phases that must be completed to deal with these challenges. The three phases should cover identification of the hazards, assessment of the hazards and treatment of the hazards. Identification shall be done by interaction with the employees, referring the past records associated with occurrence of any of the hazards, monitoring of the physical environment and workstations along with frequent audits. The assessment shall be done to understand the impact of the hazard, its likelihood along with the associated risks. The final phase shall include the development of the solutions and treatment measures for each of the identified and assessed hazards and the implementation of the same for the control and prevention (Iapa, 2016). Hierarchical Decomposition Process Scope The scope of the project is as listed below. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the equipment and tools. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the occupational violence such as dealing with the customers and likewise. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the faulty physical environment such as uneven floors or surfaces. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the women safety (Ahs, 2016). Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the psychological factors such as fatigue, poor leadership, isolation from the team etc. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the environment in terms of natural disasters, climatic changes and likewise. Ability to identify, assess and treat the hazards in the CapitaLand organization that are associated with the other categories (Worksafe, 2015). Scope Exclusion The project will not cover the hazards that are associated with the site locations of the clients as they will have their own set of policies. Project Plan The project will be completed in five broad phases which are as listed below: Project Initiation Feasibility Study Creation and Submission of Project Charter Document Project Planning Scope Management Team Selection Allocation of Roles and Responsibilities Project Budgeting Project Schedule Creation and Submission of Project Plan Project Execution Identification of the Hazards Assessment of the Hazards Treatment of the Hazards Creation and Submission of Project Report Project Monitoring and Review Review of the Implementation of the treatment policies Creation and Submission of Review Report Project Closure Documentation of Lessons Learned Acceptance of Deliverables Creation and Submission of Project Closure Report SWOT Analysis Strengths Identification of the hazards will be easier since the organization size is small Leadership and management units are skilled to complete the process with effective results Weaknesses The existing policies are not strong enough to provide a completely safe workplace to the workers There have been incidents of workplace hazards in the past Treatment strategy has not been developed and implemented yet Opportunities Identification, assessment and treatment of the workplace hazards will positively impact the productivity of the employees Identification, assessment and treatment of the workplace hazards will positively impact the efficiency of the employees Identification, assessment and treatment of the workplace hazards will have a positive impact on the reputation of the organization (Gao, 2012) Threats There may be a lot of external elements involved which may create a lot many hazards The use of tools and equipment may keep changing from time to time Methodology The management methodology that will be used in the project will be Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) which will provide a series of phases from initiation till the closure of the project as described under the project plan. This methodology will provide the manager and the leaders with a series of steps and guidelines to manage and deal with a number of issues that may come up during the life cycle of the project. The process to resolve the challenge of the workplace hazards will be completed in three broad steps as: Hazard Identification Hazard Assessment Hazards Treatment Deliverables Project Charter Document covering the feasibility study and the results of the same Project Plan covering the project scope, details of the project team, budget and schedule Project Report covering the details of the hazards identified, assessed along with the treatment strategy and steps associated with the implementation of the same Review Report covering the status of the implementation process Closure Report covering the list of activities covered during the project timeline along with the documentation of the lessons acquired Development Tasks and Milestones Development Task Explanation Milestone Project Initiation o Feasibility Study o Creation and Submission of Project Charter Document Feasibility study will be carried out in this task to understand the success or failure of the project Project Charter Document Project Planning o Scope Management o Team Selection o Allocation of Roles and Responsibilities o Project Budgeting o Project Schedule o Creation and Submission of Project Plan Planning activities will be done in this particular task which will determine the scope of the project and will also come up with the schedule, budget and project team Project Plan Project Execution o Identification of the Hazards o Assessment of the Hazards o Treatment of the Hazards o Creation and Submission of Project Report The processes associated with the resolution of the challenge of the workplace hazards will be done in this phase with identification, assessment and treatment of the same Project Report Project Monitoring and Review o Review of the Implementation of the treatment policies o Creation and Submission of Review Report Monitoring and review of the status of the implementation process will be done Review Report Project Closure o Documentation of Lessons Learned o Acceptance of Deliverables o Creation and Submission of Project Closure Report The acceptance of deliverables will be assessed along with the various documentation processes Project Closure Report Risk Analysis and Quality Assurance Process There will be a number of risks that will be associated with the project in terms of schedule risks, budget risks and quality risks. There may be schedule overrun, budget overrun or insufficient adherence to the quality practices and standards. These risks may have an extremely significant impact on the progress of the project and there is a considerable likelihood that is associated with each. The risk management process will be followed in order to deal with these risks and the process will include phases as risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk treatment and risk monitoring (Safework, 2011). It would also be essential to ensure that the quality measures and practices are followed in the project at all times and during all the project phases as well. The mechanism and policy will ensure that the risks associated with the project quality do not occur. Also, there will be increased chances of the success of the project by following the quality parameters. The Project Manager and the project leader will be required to perform a number of validation and verification activities to ensure that the quality of the processes is maintained at all times. These activities will include audits, reviews, walkthroughs and inspections. There will also be formal and informal discussions that will be conducted to have an idea on the learnings and performance of the project team members (Worksafebc, 2016). Project Resources and Team Project Resource Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager The resource will be involved with the project during the entire life cycle and will be responsible for the activities such as project planning, creating of project schedule, assessment of the project team, allocation of roles and responsibilities, communication activities and project review Project Leader The resource will be involved with the project during the entire life cycle and will be responsible for the activities such as treatment and implementation of the identified hazards and instructing the team groups to achieve project objectives Team Groups The groups will be responsible for the execution phase of the project and will follow the instructions of the leader to identify, assess and treat the hazards. These resources will be involved with the project during the entire life cycle Financial Officer The resource will be involved with the project during the entire life cycle and will be responsible for creation and management of the project budget Project Costs The costs that will be involved with the project are as listed below. Fiscal Year Program Element Element Manager 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 One Time Costs Manager 1 $21,220 Identification Costs Manager 2 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 $8,760 Treatment Costs Manager 3 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 $10,450 Resource Costs Manager 4 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 Implementation Costs Manager 5 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 $7,500 Closure Costs Manager 6 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Program Total Costs By Year $21,220 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 $40,710 Program Grand Total Cost $387,610 Project Work Plan There will be a number of tasks that will be involved with the project and each task will be assigned to a specific resource. The resource will be responsible and accountable for the completion of the task that is assigned to ensure the timely delivery of all the deliverables and successful completion of the project as well (Westernsydney, 2016). Control Plan, Timeline and Roles WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names 1 Workplace Hazards - Prevention and Control 56 days Mon 10/24/16 Mon 1/9/17 1.1 Project Initiation 4 days Mon 10/24/16 Thu 10/27/16 1.1.1 Feasibility Study 2 days Mon 10/24/16 Tue 10/25/16 Project Manager 1.1.2 Creation and Submission of Project Charter Document 2 days Wed 10/26/16 Thu 10/27/16 3 Project Manager 1.2 Project Planning 10 days Fri 10/28/16 Thu 11/10/16 4 Project Manager 1.2.1 Scope Management 2 days Fri 10/28/16 Mon 10/31/16 Project Manager 1.2.2 Team Selection 1 day Tue 11/1/16 Tue 11/1/16 6 Project Manager 1.2.3 Allocation of Roles and Responsibilities 1 day Wed 11/2/16 Wed 11/2/16 7 1.2.4 Project Budgeting 2 days Thu 11/3/16 Fri 11/4/16 Financial Officer 1.2.5 Project Schedule 2 days Mon 11/7/16 Tue 11/8/16 9 Project Manager 1.2.6 Creation and Submission of Project Plan 2 days Wed 11/9/16 Thu 11/10/16 Project Manager 1.3 Project Execution 30 days Fri 11/11/16 Thu 12/22/16 7 Project Manager 1.3.1 Identification of the Hazards 7 days Fri 11/11/16 Mon 11/21/16 7 Team Groups 1.3.2 Assessment of the Hazards 7 days Tue 11/22/16 Wed 11/30/16 10,11,13 Project Leader 1.3.3 Treatment of the Hazards 14 days Thu 12/1/16 Tue 12/20/16 14 Project Leader 1.3.4 Creation and Submission of Project Report 2 days Wed 12/21/16 Thu 12/22/16 15 Project Leader 1.4 Project Monitoring and Review 8 days Thu 12/22/16 Mon 1/2/17 1.4.1 Review of the Implementation of the treatment policies 6 days Thu 12/22/16 Thu 12/29/16 15 Project Manager 1.4.2 Creation and Submission of Review Report 2 days Fri 12/30/16 Mon 1/2/17 18 Project Manager 1.5 Project Closure 5 days Tue 1/3/17 Mon 1/9/17 19 Project Manager 1.5.1 Documentation of Lessons Learned 2 days Tue 1/3/17 Wed 1/4/17 Project Manager 1.5.2 Acceptance of Deliverables 1 day Thu 1/5/17 Thu 1/5/17 21 Project Manager 1.5.3 Creation and Submission of Project Closure Report 2 days Fri 1/6/17 Mon 1/9/17 22 Project Manager References Ahs,. (2016). Examples of Common Workplace Hazards. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://work.alberta.ca/elearning/healthcare/pdf/ExamplesCommonWorkplaceHazardsAHS.pdf Gao,. (2012). Multiple Challenges Lengthen OSHAs Standard Setting. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.gao.gov/assets/590/589825.pdf Iapa,. (2016). Determining Significant Hazards At Work. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.iapa.ca/pdf/sighazweb.pdf Safet1,. (2016). Safe-T1. Safe-t1.net.au. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.safe-t1.net.au/work-and-hazards-in-hospitality.html Safework,. (2011). How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/How_to_Manage_Work_Health_and_Safety_Risks.pdf Westernsydney,. (2016). Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control Procedure. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/12917/12917_Hazard_Identification,_Risk_Assessment_and_control_Procedure.pdf Worksafe,. (2015). Managing safety in you workplacek. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/10420/managing_safety_in_your_workplace.pdf Worksafebc,. (2016). WorkSafeBC. Worksafebc.com. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.worksafebc.com/en/resources/health-safety/books-guides/health-and-safety-for-hospitality-small-business?lang=en Wsps,. (2016). Workplace Safety Prevention Services. Wsps.ca. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from https://www.wsps.ca/Information-Resources/Topics/Hazard-Assessment.aspx

The History of Captain America Essay Example For Students

The History of Captain America Essay With Captain America’s recent revival in movies such as Captain America: The First Avenger, and The Avengers, the character has become very popular. But still, many fans of the modern incarnation of this superhero do not know anything of his origins. Captain America has appeared in over 7,000 comic books. He was the creation of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby and first appeared in Timely Comics, later to become the comic book king: Marvel Comics. Simon and Kirby were very against Nazi Germany, as were almost all Americans, so they needed a hero that would embody the â€Å"American intervention,† when the USA joined World War II in 1940. So Captain America’s premiere issue was released in December of 1940 with him on the cover, punching Hitler right in the face. Captain America’s story starts with a young fine arts student named Steve Rogers growing up during the Great Depression. His father died as an alcoholic while Steve was still young, and his mother died from pneumonia after he graduated high school. We will write a custom essay on The History of Captain America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Seeing Nazi Germany’s awful actions, Steve wanted to enlist in the army to defend the land that he was born and raised on. He was too scrawny to pass the army’s physical requirements, so Steve was the first test subject to volunteer himself for a freak project called Operation: Rebirth; a project to create physically perfect US soldiers to send into war. Steve was injected with all kinds of chemicals, including the â€Å"Super Soldier Serum,† created by Professor Erskine, making him grow, reach maximum human efficiency, and enhance his strength and reflexes greatly. Soon after Steve became a â€Å"Super Soldier,† (Captain America), Professor Erskine was assassinated by a Nazi spy, leaving Steve as the only Super Soldier and America’s hero. Wearing a costume based on the American flag, and given a very American-looking shield, Captain America’s mission was to serve as a counter-intelligence agent and a symbolic US hero against Nazi Germany’s advances towards the US. Along with World War II, the Golden Age of comics also came to a close, and Captain America fell silent, as there were no more Nazis to take down. So along came the Silver Age in the 50’s, where Communists and the Red Scare were a big deal. Steve Rogers spent this period beating up Communists anywhere and everywhere. But eventually, as the Red Scare came to end, Steve Rogers needed enemies to fight again as there were no more Nazis or Commies to punch. After the Red Scare, in the late 50’s and early 60’s, Steve Rogers starred in Captain America’s Weird Tales, where he fought aliens, monsters, and super villains. He fought all evil regardless if it was currently in conflict with the United States or not. The idea of Captain America as an American hero was revived once again in the 60’s with â€Å"Avengers #4,† where he was discovered in a block of ice, thawed, and given a leadership position in the Avengers. This is the Captain America that everybody has come to know and love today. In the Bronze Age of 70’s and into the 80’s, Captain America’s stories began pushing new boundaries, taking a shot against Nixon, with fighting a â€Å"Nixon-like† government official as the head of the evil Secret Empire. For Five issues, Captain America turned in his shield and suit to fight evil as a â€Å"non-America-affiliated† Nomad. He eventually realized that one could fight for the American Dream without working for a corrupt government. For America’s 250th issue in the early 80’s Captain America considered running for the presidency. Realizing that being president would take away time from fighting for the American Dream, he decided against it. And after almost 2-decades of consistent success with the public, Captain America got another shot at the big screen: Captain America. Ten months after the release of that movie, a sequel came out: Captain America: Death Too Soon. .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .postImageUrl , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:hover , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:visited , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:active { border:0!important; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:active , .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06 .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc76195523f2f3a38cce17478b2433d06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art History: Italian High RenaissanceWhen the Modern Age of comics, the 90’s, came along, all comics were known for basically being awful. Characters weren’t true-to-life, and their outfits and uniforms became pointless. Captain America couldn’t avoid it, and yet another Captain America movie was released. But as quickly as the 90’s came, they ended, and Captain America had a turn of events. He was murdered in 2007, only to make a come back, to allow Marvel to continue to print â€Å"Captain America† comics. He starred in the Avengers, and yet again, has his own movie. And this is the Captain America that we know today. Bibliography: A History of Captain America.  Film School Rejects. N.p., 01 Apr. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. Captain America (Steve Rogers) Marvel Universe Wiki: The Definitive Online Source for Marvel Super Hero Bios.  Marvel Universe Wiki RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. Captain America.  , Steven Grant Rogers (Avengers). N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.

Human development Essays

Human development Essays Human development Essay Human development Essay The purpose of this paper is to think of a particular time In my childhood and apply Brotherlinesss five systems to that particular time. Erie Brotherlinesss ecological theory in child development suggest that five levels of the environment simultaneously influences us as children. Frontbencher believes that we cannot fully understand the phenomenon of continuity and bio-psychological characteristics of a child without considering how we are influence by each level of our environment. The 5 levels he mentions are, Microsystems, Microsystems, Ecosystem, Microsystems and Chronometers (Feldman 2011). I grew up on the island of Montmartre which is a British territory, where the environment helped shape who I am today, I moved to the united states when I was 13 years old, where I realized that life there was much different than what I was accustom to, for I no longer had the support from the community and family members I had grown so accustomed to. This is why I found Brotherlinesss biological approach so interesting because it reminded me Just how much I had lost and how much I had achieved. The particular time period In my childhood that I would like to discuss in this essay is when I was about 10 years old. I chose this time period due to the fact that this was a time when life changed for my family and me in more ways than one, in some ways positive but in many ways negative. The most serious Impact on my life occurred at the age of 10 years old, which I will be discussing in detail further on in this essay. According to my reading the Microsystems is defined as the everyday immediate environment in which we lead our lives. (Feldman 2011). In my case the immediate environment at that time were my friends, teachers, brothers, and the community, they were part of the long-term Immediate environment In which I placed my trust, other temporary Microsystems that came and went are athletic clubs, boy scouts, and church, through those Microsystems I got a chance to build relationships, built various skills, and I also learned how to socialize through personal experience. At about age 10 1 developed a love for track and field and went on to win numerous medals In school which Is a personal success story of mine. In this period in time I could remember my family was close, but at the same time, having regular arguments and fights, I thought thing of It at the time, for I would Join the arguments to defend my mother in particular. I didnt have a father In my life so my mother was the one that took care of me, not having a father in the picture was not a good experience for me, I think this is why I was so close with my mother. My brothers I could remember were always there willing to teach what they knew, there were times when I wanted to be like my older brothers. I was younger than they were but we would socialize Like we were friends we, had a good relationship, through my brothers I learned how to act in school, all of those social interactions were crucial to my development. My family had the same problems like every other family but I felt protected surrounded by them. My mother and grandfather were always arguing, I would try to defend my mother of course. At age 10 1 could remember going to school, I was already tough because of what I learned from my brothers, I got in all sorts of fights with the other students but 1 OFF around. The teachers in the school were strict, they were allowed to use corporal punishment, so I would often get punished for not doing homework, fighting, and arioso other reasons. My peers at the time from what I could remember were tough. My community I would describe as been close, the community demanded respect, I could not pass someone without saying good day or good morning or I would be punished. The Microsystems refers to all the settings in which a child personally interacts and is influenced, so in my case my Microsystems are family, athletic clubs, and children in the community. All of those personal social interactions are what influenced me at the time, and which, makes up one of the 4 system of Brotherlinesss which is the Microsystems. According to the reading the Microsystems provides connections between various aspects of the Microsystems, the Microsystems binds children to parents, students to teacher and friends to friends (Feldman 2011). When two Microsystems come together, they form a Microsystems, most time a unique and positive experience is created, but other times you have confusion and stress on the child. My mother had minimal interactions with my peers but when my peers would come to my house she would interact with them, she had different rules in the house so there were often confusion, for example no eating n the living room, and no swearing in the house, this was due to the fact that two Microsystems came together creating a rift between acceptable behavior. She was very involved in my school affairs, she knew most of the teachers personally so she interacted with them on a regular basis, I would go as far as to say she was friends with a lot of the teachers at the school, all of the teachers were from the community, I couldnt hide exam results, or if I failed to do my homework the teachers knew her personally so they would call her. By bringing teacher and my parent together a ecosystem was created, the interaction between my parent and teacher showed me that they were interested in how well I was doing in school and was united in making sure I did my best. My mother was particularly strict and persistent when it came to me doing my homework, she would stay up all night if she had to, to help me with my homework and if I didnt do my homework and she found out I would be punished. I was involved in athletics throughout my school life and the community would be there to cheer on the children, so they were very engaged in our sports activities, because the community was small everyone knew each other personally from searchers, members of the community and friends, we all had a type of bond linking us together, if one person died we would all feel it. I would say that the Microsystems had a positive influence on me because it provide me the social support and consistency in practically every activity I took part in at that time. If I am correct my ethnic heritage is afro-Caribbean, am affiliated with the Christian church. At 10 years old I was not too familiar with what was going on in the rest of the world, there were murmurs of war overseas, but I was only 10 it didnt register to me or mean anything to me at the time. At that time I was influence by the Christian religion and the church, for my mother was adamant about us going to church every Sunday. According to the reading the macro system represents the larger cultural influences on an individual for example society, types of government, religious and political value system and other broad, encompassing factors are part of the macro system religious beliefs, or political views which are part of the macro system. According to my reading the Ecosystem represent broader influence, encompassing social institution such as local governments, the community, schools, places of worship and he local media (Feldman, 2011). My mother was the secretary of the secondary school on the island, I do not think I took any vacation at that age, my mother was a single parent and was never married, and there was no father in the picture. I could remember when my mother my went away for a long time and I had to stay with friends and relatives, I had to live under a set of different rules I felt that the love that I had from family around me no longer existed, things changed for that time period I didnt have my peers, or teachers around, this created confusion and I became assistant. I would say the single historical event that effected my development at that time was the volcanic eruption that destroyed my island. When the volcano erupted everything changed, my school life was over, a lot of the influential people left the island, and my school was transformed into a shelter, so I was forced to leave for the United States. According to my reading the chronometers involves the way the passage of time historical events affect ones development (Feldman 2014). Due to the eruption I had to live under different rules, go to a new in school, find new friends ND live in the new household, I became a different person due to that event.

Chinese Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese Religion - Essay Example Islam is another religion that combines beliefs from various religions. With this characteristic, there would be no question that Islam could easily be syncreticized with Confucianism. Christianity might be difficult to syncretize because like Islam, it is also a monotheistic religion but unlike the other, Christianity evolved from only one major religion, Judaism. However, probably, when placed in juxtaposition with Confucianism, Christianity would be questioned as to the belief in Jesus, who was like Confucius, was a man considered to have a higher level of understanding than the common people. This places both men to the same level as to the question of their deity. Considering syncretizing Christianity with Confucianism, such argument might crack some space in the former for the latter to penetrate it and might just allow a small possibility. One religion that might have remained unadulterated by other religions is Judaism. So far, even Christianity which came from Judaism is greatly sneered and questioned by Judaism because they cannot comprehend how one man, Jesus, would be considered equal to God. Judaism started from the Hebrew patriarch Abraham, being chosen by God to become the father of a people He would call his own and live in accordance to His commandments. The Jews do not just trace their lineage to Abraham but also trace the model of faith to his life especially when it comes to the sacrifice of his son to God as a test of his faith. His life became a testimony of what God could do for the Israelites, providing for their needs as He provided for Abraham, making him rich during his time; protecting them from their enemies as He did to their forefather who won wars and was spared of diseases. However, in exchange for the favors, God asks the Jews to obey His commandments like not worshipping other gods, making images of

The Baptism Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Baptism Debate - Research Paper Example It is, in effect, an initiation into the Christian religion. This discussion examines the history of Baptism as referenced in the Bible, the various ways the ritual is practiced by differing sects of the Christian Church and provides an explanation of its significance in contemporary times. In addition, the paper analyses the differing nuances of its meaning within the Christian religion. The Old Testament does not specifically reference Baptism. The ritual is explicitly of New Testament origin. However, there are mentions of water being used in purification of soul ceremonies which became inserted in the Christian Baptism ceremony. â€Å"I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean† Ezekiel 36:25. 1 Baptism in the New Testament was introduced by John the Baptist who was an undetermined relative of Jesus. John practiced Baptism for people who wished to repent their sins and receive forgiveness by fully immersing them in the Jordan River. This practice of absolving sin by water would become the founding concept for the baptismal ritual and a significant, though not only, component of modern baptism. John baptized his relative Jesus in the Jordan River as he had many others even though, according to the Bible, Jesus was without sin. This act would become a principal aspect of Jesus’ ministry therefore a principal part of the Christian religion. This occurrence also marks the emergence of another aspect of the Christian religion, the Holy Trinity. The son, Christ, heard the Father’s (God’s) voice while the Holy Spirit â€Å"descend[ed] on him like a dove† Mark 1:10. 2 There does not exist specific instructions on how Christians should practice baptism in The New Testament, but within its pages are insights regarding how Jesus and his disciples perceived the act. Christians may only utilise conjecture regarding the suitable method of procedure and connotation of the baptism ritual by examining the numerous Biblical ve rses which refer to this sacrament. Nicodemus said to Him, â€Å"How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he?† â€Å"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.† John 3:5 â€Å"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.† Matthew 28:19 3 The interpretation of the verses related to baptism, as do all other verses of the Bible, vary widely, person to person, and sect to sect and are subject to modification throughout the years and continue to be disputed. An early interpretation of the baptism ritual was penned by the Apostle Barnabas in the First century. â€Å"We indeed descend into the water

Setting up a business Essay Example for Free

Setting up a business Essay Introduction Tods tyres is a company which deals in fitting new sets of tyres to fleets of cars. Tod has to record the details of each car, and send the owners a letter when the cars are due for new tyres. Previously, this could all be done manually, but the growth of the company has meant there is a need for a more efficient system. The existing system is all manual, with Tod or one of his clerks keeping a book containing all the details of cars he maintains, as well as the addresses of his clients. He writes out a letter on a basic word processor on his home computer, and changes the address manually. A new design is needed to make the company more efficient, as Well as increase the capacity for adding new customers in the future. Ideally, the system should be very easy to use, as Tod himself is not very experienced with computers. Because Tod holds the details of his customers on this computer, it must be protected from unauthorised use. A good way to do this would be to protect either the entire computer or the database with a password Specification of solution The Solution, for it to be a complete success, must be capable of each of the following: 1. It must store each record in a way that it is easily visible, easily compared with similar records, and easily retrievable with a query 2. It has to be protectable with at least a password, to satisfy the requirements of the data protection act. 3. The database itself must be easy and intuitive to use for its users, and must be a stable and reliable program. 4. The data itself must be transferable to a common storage medium, like floppy disks or CDRs, for cheap and compact back-up storage. However, these disks must be kept safe from unauthorised access, as per the data protection acts. 5. The programme must update the file in real-time; e. g. a change to the database at one workstation will register at the others with immediately after. The solution, as a secondary objective, should be relatively cheap and easy to upgrade in the future. For instance, a few spare RAM sockets would be useful, as data flow increases and extra memory is needed. The program developed to solve the problem should be widely compatible with most widely available platforms, so that the records can be viewed on other computers, in case the office computer is inaccessible, so that backups can be used. It is recommended the whole database be backup as often as possible, but every week or so would be sufficient, depending on the rate of data transfer in and out of the database. The new system should also be easy to use and straightforward to operate. This will mean that Tod and the clerks can use the system quickly and easily, and so reduce operating time and shop stress. Therefore, I think a windows 98 system (stable, basic, and needs a modest spec to run) with Access XP or 2000, whichever is cheaper. After a fitting of a tyre is completed, the quantity of the appropriate tyre available is reduced by the appropriate amount, and the last tyre date of the car data table is updated manually. This way we can easily find how many tyres of each type are in stock, and how long each car has before it is due in again. The solution program must be: 1. Easy and intuitive to use 2. Able to operate on a low spec The firm will want to keep the spending on hardware to a minimum. 3. Able to search for records, for quick access to data. 4. Protected by a password + anti-virus software, under the data protection act. 5. Easy to backup: i. Must support floppy disk backups ii. Must be a commonly used format (e. g. must be able to be read on most machines, etc. ) Feasibility study Although the computerised process would save time in the long term, there is the short-term cost of buying and setting up the computer equipment. However, I think this would save the company time and money in the middle/ long term. To keep the firm efficient whilst it expands, computerising the administration system would free up staff time, making the workforce bigger than it needs to be. This computerised system means the firm will not need to employ a secretary or any other manual filing system, until the database grows too large to manage. This is all part of the process of mechanisation, and cant be helped. If the firm expands too much without checks being made on efficiency, a diseconomy of scale may well result. This would increase running costs, and decrease profits over time. In all, I think the middle- and long-term benefits far outweigh the short-term costs. There is the possible problem of Tod having to personally fill in all the records himself, since he is the only one with the knowledge of who gets the 5% discount or not. The system would result in a much better reminder system, so that more customers will potentially come back to the firm. The only cost would be the cost of the computer equipment, and the cost in time and money of maintenance in the future. The system runs basic hardware and common software, so technicians able to deal with the system would be common. Why use a database? Databases are very practical methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered GUI for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the advanced user. This is why I decided not to use Excel; the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user. Also, databases allow for many more types of record to be shown there is the option to publish the results in an individual record card, which Excel cannot do. Excel is not totally useless for this project; Tod might be able to make use of its graph-making and accounting features, especially as the company grows and needs to be more in control of its productivity and expenses. Hardware Specification Required At the moment, we are going for a very cheap, reliable system, because of the low system requirements of the programs involved. Following the recent leaps in processor speed, and the advent of new technology like the Pentium 4 series, you can purchase new Pentium 3/ duron processors at very low prices. Because of rapid increases in new CPU speeds, we can now set up a very competent system very cheaply. RAM has also become cheaper, which is just as well, because were going to need 128 Meg in each machine in order to maintain a good level of stability, and safely clear the minimum requirements of Windows 98. A 128 Meg RAM chip costs about i 20. We wont bother with DDR Ram; SDR is cheaper and has no noticeable downgrade in performance, as well as the added cost of getting a compatible motherboard, since the technology is relatively recent. I would recommend buying the parts from a registered computer fair, rather than a large- scale retailer, because larger shops are only interested in i 700 home systems and upwards. The older parts used in these systems enable a complete computer to be built for under i 180. CPU: 450-mhz p3 Less than i 25 if used. Hard Disk: 10-gig ATA 133 Surpassed, but cheap and plenty of room for OS and database. RAM: 128 MEG, SDR. Motherboard: Old ABIT models have legendary reliability. About i 50 used. Case: Minitower case. Theyre cheap (ish) and save space on the desk. About i 15. Graphics card: Cheap, low-end versions cost about i 10, or some motherboards carry one on-board. For this sort of application, we really have no choice but to use a database/ spreadsheet program, because they have a better capacity to index and sort data by name, price etc. more easily than having each record on paper, for instance, or even entering the information in a word-processing application. For example, its a lot easier to add a record in-between two others, because a Database program like Access will automatically update other fields, like the Autonumber field, for example. Its also a lot easier to move the records down in the first place, because the database program has many spreadsheet features. The screenshot here shows the option clearly visible. However, performing the same operation in word can send records all over the page. Entity Relationship diagram This illustrates the relationships the solution will need to take into account. The relationships should ideally be linked in real time, so that changing the record in one table will automatically update the fields in another table. Database Notation: ACCOUNTS (Customer account ID, No.of cars name, company address ,company postcode, 5% discount? ) CARS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Model name, Reg number, Last tyres date) CURRENT JOBS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Date in, reg number) TYRE STOCKS(Tyre ID, Number left in stock) Data dictionary Car Database Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Number duplicates OK Car ID Autonumber Duplicates not OK Comments Text (256 characters) Allows other car details to be recorded, e. g. year of production Reg Number Text Only accepts new numbers ( ) Tyre type needed Text (P1000 OR P3000 OR P5000 OR P7000). Indicates which tyre type best suits the car Last change date Date/time Should display the date in days, months and years. Example Accounts Database Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Must be indexed, duplicates not OK No. of cars Number Preferably looks up quantity of cars listed 5% Discount? Boolean Tick box Customer Name Text Normal Text Customer Address Text Normal Text Customer Postcode Text Normal Text Example Current jobs Database Fieldname Type Description Customer Account Number Number Identifies customer (lookup from customer accounts, duplicates OK) Car ID Number Duplicates not OK.. Date in Date Reg number Text ( ) Lookup from car table, by car ID Tyre type needed Number Must be below that in the tyre stocks field for that particular tyre in the tyre stock table Example Tyre stocks Database Fieldname Type Description Tyre Type ID Autonumber Gives a primary key for lookup functions Manufacturer ID Text P1000, P3000 P5000, P7000 Tyre price Currency Cost of tyre to buy Number of tyres in stock Number Gives tyre stock Reports Invoice report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Lookup from Accounts table. Car ID Number Lookup from car table 5% discount Boolean Lookup from accounts Sub total Currency formula 1 VAT/ other tax formula 2 Total Currency formula 3 Cars due in report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Number Lookup from Accounts table Car ID Number Lookup from car table Car Reg # Text string   Lookup from car table Last tyres date Date Lookup from car table Queries Name Function qryaccount Inputting an account number allows the user to access that customers history qryRegistration. Inputting a valid registration number will reveal the owner and other details qrytyrestocks Allows the user to enter a tyre type and view details of how many tyres of that type are left in stock, and how much they are sold to the customer for. qryCarsduein Allows the user to enter a date and view details of the cars that are due for new tyres Validation rules. To ensure the smooth running of the database, it is important to ensure that errors are found and corrected by the user. To ensure these errors are detected, the following measures have been implemented. Format checks all dates input into the system must be in the format DD/MM/YYYY. For instance, a date like 02/06/2002 will be accepted, but anything not in this format or a letter will create the following error message The short date criteria means data is only accepted in numerical A similar set of rules apply for the car registration numbers. They must be in the new style European format, or this error box will appear: Range check A date from before 1950 is very unlikely to be valid. Since Tods tyres hasnt been around very long, a rule preventing dates from before 1953 being put in is useful. Query Design. Firstly, we need a query to highlight cars which are due in for new tyres, i. e. those which the last tyres date was over a year ago. To do this, we can set up the following query. Standard letter query Fields displayed = Car ID, Customer address, customer postcode, date due in Criteria for Date due in date() + 365 This query will produce a list of the cars which are due in for new tyres; this list can then be used to set up a mail merger, so that the customers address, postcode and the registration of the car will be inserted into the letter. An example of this letter is attached at the back of the report. An example of this could be given by a car with a last tyres date of 02/05/2001. This would be picked up by the query, and entered into the mail merge letter with the owners address and postcode. Dataflow diagram Level one diagram Why use a database? Databases are very practical methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered GUI for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the advanced user. This is why I decided not to use Excel; the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user. Also, databases allow for many more types of record to be shown there is the option to publish the results in an individual record card, which Excel cannot do. Test plan Test number Description Expected result 1 Security password Only accepts correct password 2 Relationships cross referencing Extending a field in one table will show relevant contents of other tables. 3 Relationships Real-time updating Updating one table will update the other tables correctly 4 Query Searching for Customers by name will provide the desired result 5. Invoice lookup The mail merges produce the correct customer details, car registration number etc 6 Invoice Calculation 5% discount is applied correctly, totals are added up correctly and end result is formatted correctly (e. g. as a currency) 7 Car registration Validation rules An incorrect format for a car registration will be picked up 8 Date validation rules An impossible date for a new car (e. g. 1953) would be picked up on. 9 Switchboard functionality Changing the amount of tyres left in the switchboard should update the tyre stocks table. 10 Tyre usage rule The current jobs table wont accept more than 5 tyres being fitted at a time. Testing report 1. On opening the database, the user is asked for a password before the database will open. If the password specified is incorrect, the database will refuse access: 2. Extending an entry in the accounts field can display data for the cars owned by a particular account holder: 3. Updating the last tyres date in the table above has updated the data in the original table, so that one table can be used to change or update another: 4. Searching for Cross, the name of one of the customers, brings up the file for Mr. Cross account. 5. The mail merge correctly inserts Elliot Cross Name, Address and Postcode successfully into the table 6. The mail merge also inserts a final paragraph, dependant on whether the account holder is entitled to a 5% discount. 6. An invalid car registration number is picked up by the validation rule 7. The validation rule stops the user from inputting a very suspectable value, a date before 1953 for a new car 8. Using the switchboard to increase tyre stocks (e. g.following a delivery of fresh tyres) automatically updates the tyre stocks table. The table is updated successfully, which suggests the switchboard has allowed for real-time editing of the database 9. Because of the following validation rules in the tyres used field: Putting in a value greater than 5 or lower than 1 produces the following error message: Evaluation The system has left Tod with a powerful database of stock and account details. This has completely computerised the system, making it more efficient and productive. This has meant addresses are accessible at the touch of a button, saving time. The added increase in staff morale has made the firm more efficient, as happier workers are more productive. This increased efficiency will save the firm money in the short run. This means extra profit for the firm. However, improvements could still be made in the future, including these points: 1. Connecting the system to the internet, allowing Tod to simply email reminders to interested clients. This would make the entire system more reliable and efficient, since labour costs are reduced by eliminating the need for a clerk to put the letters in envelopes, etc. It also reduces the possibility for human error, as long as the details are correctly input in the first place. 2. Upgrading the computer to make the system more stable. More RAM in future upgrades may prove particularly useful. Also, over time the company may wish to transfer the details into a bespoke system. This would maximise processing power, since RAM is being dedicated only to the basic functions of the database, and not unnecessary functions such as a windows shell. Also, it would reduce the possibility of time being wasted by employees on unrelated applications, like games on the computer. Tom ONeill Page 2 07/05/07.

Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society Essay -- essays resea

Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society Religion in the world has always been considered a rather important aspect of society. Although this is true, there are still people that question the existence of God. A survey done among 1000 people showed that 65 percent of Americans believe that religion is losing its influence on American life (Sheler, 8). Even so, Belief in a God is necessary for a moral society because since the beginning of history man has always made up some sort of role model to explain events and situations that seem inexplicable, God gives people a sense of comfort and hope to know they aren’t alone, and when a society believes in a God, there is a religion behind it that gives ethics and values that they must comply to. Historically, the world has always used a higher being for a reason for the events that occur in their lives. They would look upon the bible to find answers from God or they would just use prayer to find them. The bible has always been used for the purpose of spreading the word of God. However, it is looked at in many different ways. Technically it is said to be the actual word of God to be taken literally, word for word. Historically, the bible was a book written by the existing disciples of Jesus Christ, the son of God who is said to be the Savior (Sheler, 8). For the most part the bible isn’t interpreted that way anymore. People consider the bible to be a book that is full of the inspired of word of God, but something not to b...

Terrorism in Peru

ENGLISH * Forgiveness Means Love Name: Alejandra Cardenas Modality: Essay School: Villa Caritas Grade:11 B Stage:High School July 2012 Forgiveness Means Love What would happen if a doctor told you are dying tomorrow, would you forgive the people who ever hurt you? Or would you die with that resentment in your heart? Everyone has been hurt at least once by actions or words from another person. It is difficult to forgive such an injury. These wounds can stay forever if you don’t learn to forgive the ones who hurt you.Forgiveness means peace, love, respect, hope. We all talk about a peaceful world, but we don’t make an effort to make it happen. â€Å"Love is around us† but we reject it and prefer to obey our carnal desires. We expect people to respect us, but we don’t respect others, and sometimes we make fun of their believes. Hope is all it is left. Hope to have a better world, hope to become a better person, and hope to forgive others. A clear example of f orgiveness is terrorism in Peru. Today we still have resentment and thoughts of revenge for what Abimael Guzman did.But we need to forgive so we can live our lives in a peaceful way. After a long battle of terrorism in Peru, Abimael Guzman was finally put in jail in 1992. All the families were enthusiastic by the news and felt more secured. He was captured by the Intelligence Special Group, led by Alberto Fujimori, the president on that time. They started investigating various residence of Lima and found out that Mr. Guzman was hiding in a house of a lady. They found some medicines used for a treatment of psoriasis, a disease that Abimael Guzman suffered.Shining Path was a group of terrorists, who believed in marxism-leninism-maoism. They thought that fighting would solve all their problems. They wanted a change but they were not heard. It was a fight between the proletariat and the state, between the landowners and the capitalists in the city. This group of terrorists wanted to rep lace what it was seen as bourgeois democracy with a â€Å"new democracy†. The Shining Path wanted to impose a dictatorship of the proletariat, lead a cultural revolution, and eventually introduce communism and have the complete control of the government.Before he was captured, Abimael Guzman wanted to get the whole power of the Peruvian government. He used violence to achieve his goals. He attacked the Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police. Guzman placed diverse bombs in schools, houses, streets and popular places. Many people died, and families were devastated with their loss. It was a time of mourning. Every day was a new wake, and every day more people lost faith. Many families, who lived in such a devastating period of time, blamed Abimael Guzman for all their misfortunes. Wished him the worst, and wanted to put him in jail.At the end, Guzman was captured; people were safer but still felt a grudge towards him. But it is necessary to forgive and wish him the best. Everybody makes mistakes, some of them are big or small, but mistakes are made to learn from them and become a better person. Generally, forgiveness is a decision to let go the resentment and thoughts of revenge. Many people may think: Why is it important to forgive a man who hurt so many families? Forgiveness can lead to feelings of understanding, empathy and compassion for the one who hurt you.It doesn't mean that you deny the other person's responsibility for hurting you, and it doesn't minimize or justify the wrong of his action. Forgiveness brings peace that helps you go on with life. And that’s what Peruvians should do. It’s not easy but it is the right thing to do. We are free to decide what the best is for us, and the best is to always forgive. â€Å"†¦but I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool! will be liable to the h ell of fire. So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. † It is possible that many Peruvians agree to forgive Abimael Guzman. On the other hand, there might be some of them who refuse to even consider forgiving him. Unforgiving means to have anger, resentment and bitterness in your life. Having all this negatives aspects would make life harder to enjoy.Also it is possible to become more negative and insecure. Having a good future means to forgive the past. As Jesus once said: â€Å"But I tell you who hear me: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you. If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. † It is an obligation for all the citizens to let go that resentment and feeling of revenge towards Abimael Guzman. Peace is not reached easily; it takes time and reconciliation with everyone who has hurt you.Forgiveness means to have an open heart and mind. Forgiveness does not come easy for anyone. Human’s natural instinct is to protect itself when he or she has been injured. Forgiveness can change lives; it brings peace, happiness and emotional healing. It is job of everyone to build a better world, a world with love, peace, kindness and reconciliation. There is no love without forgiveness and there is no forgiveness without love. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Matthew 5:22-24 [ 2 ]. Luke 6:27-29

ARE COMMON PERCEPTIONS ON TERMINATION CASES IN MEXICO SUPPORTED BY EMPIRICAL DATA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4701 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Using a random sample of cases from the Federal Labor Court in Mexico, this research analyzes firing disputes in Mexico from an empirical perspective. In particular, it focuses on presenting evidence in regard to the following three common perceptions on termination cases: (i) that they are often terminated by an adjudicated decision; (ii) that they are extremely delayed; and (iii) that the final payments obtained by the workers are extremely high. The statistical evidence suggests that an emphasis in the literature and media on a particular subsample of cases with extreme characteristics (e.g. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "ARE COMMON PERCEPTIONS ON TERMINATION CASES IN MEXICO SUPPORTED BY EMPIRICAL DATA" essay for you Create order adjudicated or appealed processes) produces these conceptions. The study concludes with a brief comment regarding the importance of empirical studies as a way of better understanding legal phenomena in Mexico. Table of contents I. Federal labor tribunals in Mexico II. Methodology and Data III. Results and Discussion A. Termination payments are extremely high B. Termination cases are extremely delayed C. Termination cases normally go to trial IV. Conclusion Although the analysis of the law in Mexico has changed slightly in the last years, Pounds vision effectively reflects the atmosphere of pure law of the Mexican mainstream. The analysis of labor law in Mexicoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the general topic of this researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ reflects this analytical path. In fact, the overwhelming majority of the literature related to labor justice has been doctrinal and normative. These studies often ignore factual evidence of how the legal framework affects the legal reality; and if some evidence is presented, it is merely indicative or anecdotal. This doctrinal research figures prominently in public policy debates. This study departs completely from the Mexican mainstream insofar as it is an empirical study based on case file analysis. The research results are based on a random sample of 3,203 files selected from the Junta Federal de ConciliaciÃÆ' ³n y Arbitraje (JFCA) archive. These files correspond to termination cases presented before the Tribunal 15 of the JFCA (Tribunal 15), a labor tribunal (Junta Especial) whose jurisdiction includes the pharmaceutical, chemical, automotive, and paper industries; and the Tribunal 6 and 8 of the JFCA (Tribunal 6 8), the labor tribunals whose jurisdiction includes the textile industry. The period studied extends from 1991 to 1998. Note that case file analysis has been used extensively in other countries with fruitful results. The objective of this research is to characterize empirically the termination disputes in Mexico in the context of the tribunals analyzed. In particular, it focuses on presenting evidence in regard to the following three common perceptions on termination cases: (i) that they are often terminated by an adjudicated decision; (ii) that they are extremely delayed; and (iii) that the final payments obtained by the workers are extremely high. This article is divided into three sections. The first section explains the operation of the federal labor tribunal in Mexico. The second section describes the data and the methodology. The third section examines the above mentioned perceptions on termination cases. I. Federal labor tribunals in Mexico The JFCA is an administrative court that belongs to the executive branch. Because of this dependency, Mexican legal authors have questioned its degree of judicial independence. The JFCA consists of 61 labor tribunals, called Juntas Especiales. Sixteen tribunals are located in Mexico City, and the remainders are dispersed throughout Mexico. Labor tribunals have the legal power to conciliate and adjudicate. In fact, the LFT mandates at least one conciliation hearing before trial. Among the labor tribunals, jurisdiction is determined by industry. Although the labor law openly promotes settlement of disputes, it does not permit the settlement terms to remain confidential. The relevant tribunal must ratify the settlement for it to become binding. An employee cannot credibly forfeit the right to sue his employer unless and until the court approves his settlement. Employers and workers very often submit a settlement jointly to the labor court simply to obtain ratification, which then makes the agreement binding. The approval of settlements primarily serves as a mechanism for confirming that the worker has not renounced some legal benefit and for making the agreement binding at law. Tribunals must record details about the settlement, such as the date of the settlement and the amount paid. Once a lawsuit is filed, the tribunal with jurisdiction over the dispute must schedule at least one conciliatory hearing. At the conclusion of that hearing, the tribunal schedules subsequent hearings for the presentation of evidence and for trial. At any point during the process, however, the suit can be terminated by a settlement. The tribunal must approve this settlement. In fact, the parties can agree to defer hearings if they think they need more time to negotiate the terms of the agreement. If no agreement is reached, a tripartite commission composed of an employer representative, an employee representative, and a government representative may issue an award deciding the dispute. Note that the employee may also drop the complaint at any point during the lawsuit. As noted in the tables below, dropped lawsuits are not uncommon. An appeal mechanism, the juicio de amparo, is available to challenge the resolutions of the tribunal. Note that the parties cannot only challenge the final decision issued by the tribunal, but also other decisions that could potentially affect the outcome of the case, for instance, the fact that the tribunal notified the employer about the workers complaint in an incorrect manner. It is fair to state that the scope of review of the juicio de amparo in labor cases is limited to protect the due process rights of the parties. II. Methodology and Data Clermont Eisenberg divide legal studies based on statistical research into three groups depending on the way in which the data is assembled. Studies of published judicial decisions, studies based on data produced by experimental work or by archival research, and studies involving analyses of publicly available, and usually governmental, databases. The present study fits into the second category, legal research based on archival data. The logic behind analyzing archival cases is simple: random samples of large dockets can provide us with useful information to analyze the patterns of litigation in a particular tribunal. This is particularly relevant when there is no information availableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ or only very incomplete informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ on how certain type of legal dispute is resolved. In particular, information regarding labor disputes is extremely general and imprecise. The data used for this research was obtained through a public information request under the Ley Federal de Transparencia y Acceso a la Informacion Publica Gubernamental, the law that regulates the access to public governmental information. While some of the variables used in this study are considered public information under this law, other variables are not public information, and have been obtained under a confidentiality agreement. The confidentiality agreement was negotiated with the authorities of the JFCA, who only authorized to review those cases that complied with the following characteristics: (1) closed cases that cannot be reopened by the parties anymore, (2) and cases that had been initiated in 1998 at most. Given these constraints, I was able to assemble a random sample of cases initiated between 1991 and 1998 in Tribunal 15 and Tribunal 6 8. Note that these years refer to the dates in which the cases were presented before the labor tribunals, and not to the dates in wh ich the cases were actually solved. There are two main types of cases observed in the sample: filed settlements and litigated cases. In filed settlements, the employer and employee file a jointly agreement, which is merely ratified by the tribunal. In litigated cases, the parties usually present and produce several documents, such as the employees initial petition, the employers response (if any), the terms of agreement reached if the case is settled, the final award issued by the tribunal if the case is not settled, and the appeals carried out by the parties. Note that litigated cases have three possible outcomes: dropped suits, settlements, and trials leading to a final decision issued by a tripartite commission. As mentioned before, the final decision is known as an award (laudo). Using the information from the documents mentioned in this paragraph, I calculated the duration and the final payment of the cases handled by Tribunal 15 and Tribunal 6 8. These calculations will be presented in further tables. A comment should be made on the validity and usefulness of the results coming from the data analyzed. First, the LFT has not been substantially modified since its enactment in 1970. Second, and based on five interviews with representatives of the government from five federal labor courts that handle similar disputes, it is reasonable to state that the solving pattern of the termination disputes here portrayed is accurate and reflects the current situation. III. Results and Discussion A. Termination payments are extremely high Some Mexican authors have analyzed the LFT from an economic perspective. Basically, their argument is that the LFT should be modified to eliminate all those provisions that create restrictions on hiring, mobility, and termination of employees. These legal restrictions, originally designed to protect the worker, generate a higher social cost than benefit. In particular, these authors claim that the LFT raises termination costs, diminishing the quantity of labor that an employer hires below the socially efficient level. This argument assumes that most of the termination payments are paid according to the LFT and are thus extremely high. No empirical evidence concerning this assumption has been produced. Before presenting the empirical evidence, the rules regarding termination payments should be explained. These rules, provided in the LFT, mainly refer to the provision of fringe benefits, overtime, and the mechanics of termination. Fringe benefits are mainly composed of vacation pay and year end bonuses. Each employee is entitled to a certain number of days of paid vacation depending on his or her tenure at the firm. Also, every employee has the right to receive an end of the year bonus equal to at least 15 days wages. A normal workweek cannot exceed 48 hours. If an employee works more than 48 hours in a single week, he is entitled to overtime pay. The law mandates double pay for up to 9 hours of overtime, and triple pay for any hours above 57 per week. Terminations are classified under the law as justified or unjustified. Justified termination is limited to wrongdoing on the part of the worker, such as three continuous unjustified absences. Termination for any other reason, such as low employee productivity, is considered unjustified and it often implies higher termination cost. For either type of termination, the firm must cover all payments owed to the worker up to the termination date, including overtime and the prorated proportion of fringe benefits until the termination date. Additionally, the worker is entitled to severance pay equivalent to 12 days wages for each year worked, with the wage rate capped at twice the minimum wage. At the time of termination the firm must issue the worker a written document explaining the exact cause of termination as defined by the LFT. Workers have the right to challenge the grounds for termination. According to the LFT, the firm carries the burden of proving that it fired the worker for just cause. Workers terminated in an unjust manner have the right to receive two additional payments. Back pay from the termination date through the date when judgment is issued (including not only the salary, but also the fringe benefits), plus three months salary with benefits. Also, those workers who are denied reinstatement are enti tled to 20 days wages plus benefits for each year worked, without any cap on the wage rate. Note that a worker who proves he was fired without justification can request to be reinstated in his job. The firm may refuse reinstatement for certain categories of workers, such as temporary workers, those with less than one years tenure, and those considered to be at will employees. A firm may also avoid having to reinstate workers it fires in the case of justified layoffs. Table 1 presents the average final payments obtained by workers depending on the form in which the cases concluded. Both absolute and relative amounts are shown. Relative amounts correspond to the amount that workers win as a percentage of the amount they claimed. The data demonstrate that fired workers who initiated a lawsuit usually claimed considerable amounts of money that seldom obtained. Also, note that workers who resolved the case through a filed settlement or a settlement reached during the lawsuit had better final payments. Interestingly, in cases solved by an award, the decision of the parties to appeal increased the amount received by the worker. As the tables portray, most of the termination cases do not receive an extremely high final payment, which contradicts the widely held assumption of the Mexican media and Mexican academic literature. Although this section only presents a descriptive analysis of the data, these results deserve much more attention and analysis in future research. B. Termination cases are extremely delayed This section presents empirical evidence that supports the idea that the duration of termination cases is not necessarily extremely delayed, but it actually depends on characteristics of the dispute like the termination mode, the decision of the parties to challenge the tribunal decisions, or to defer the case. Many Mexican legal scholars have criticized the fact that labor procedures are extremely formal and complicated. According to this view, procedure is the main source of delay in labor disputes. Proposals for diminishing delays in labor disputes include: improving the conciliation system , hiring more legal clerks , replacing the old technology in the JFCA (i.e. principally computers) , and, of course, changing the law to eliminate procedural complexities. The LFT procedures do not limit the time period for case resolution; rather they establish a term in which each action in the process should be completed. The goal of establishing such terms is to create a fast labor procedure (article 685). The labor statute requires different types of procedures depending on the case at issue. The procedure by which termination cases are solved is known as ordinary procedure (article 871). The ordinary procedure starts when the employee files a claim before the JFCA (article 871). After this claim is admitted, the parties are scheduled for a hearing (article 873). The hearing has three stages: the conciliation stage; the claims and exceptions state; and finally, the stage of submission and admission of the evidence (article 875). Each one of these stages has particular time and form characteristics according to which it operates. Article 876 governs the conciliation stage. The goal is for the parties to reach a conciliation agreement through the intermediation of the tribunal. If the parties reach an agreement, the disputed is terminated and the tribunal endorses the corresponding agreement. This agreement, like an award, is enforceable. If the parties do not reach a conciliation agreement, the hearing proceeds to the claims and exceptions stage. Article 878 also governs this stage. The worker presents his claim, and the employer answer him. After this stage, the submission and admission of the evidence stage occurs, which article 880 governs. Next, the evidence is presented before the tribunal in another hearing governed by Article 884. When all these stages have been completed, a legal clerk creates a draft of the final ruling. This draft has to be approved by members of the tripartite panel (the representative of the employees, the employers, and the government). This process follows the rules established in articles 887, 888, and 889. After approval, and if no corrections are proposed, the draft is turned into the award. According to the terms established in the statute for each one of these proceedings, an ordinary procedure should be resolved in 75 effective court days. As table 2 portrays, the average duration of an ordinary procedure (i.e. case solved by an award without being appealed or being deferred) in Tribunal 15 is 440.76 effective court days, and in Tribunal 6 8 is 419.89 effective court days. Several things should be clarified with regard to the description of the ordinary procedure. First, although the labor statute speaks of one hearing divided into different stages; in fact, there are different hearings in which all these stages are completed. Therefore, if the parties cannot reach an agreement after a conciliation hearing, the conciliation continues in the next hearing, and the subsequent stage is postponed and so on. Second, the statute permits the parties to defer the hearings if both sides agree. In other words, if the parties are in the process of negotiating a conciliation agreement, they can ask the labor tribunal for more time. According to table 2, this is not unusual. Third, although the statute specifies that the conciliation stage should be performed at the beginning of the case, the parties can reach a conciliation agreement at any time during the ordinary procedure, even after the conciliation stage has passed. Fourth, the description portrayed for the or dinary procedure does not account for whether the parties (either the employee or the employer) decide to appeal the award or not. If the parties decide to appeal the award issued by the judge, the procedure should be extended by no more than 45 days until the appeal sentence is rendered. Table 2 portrays that the duration of the case increases considerably when the parties decided to appeal the rulings of the labor tribunal. While cases concluding through an award that was not appealed took 450.45 effective court days to be solved in Tribunal 15 and 442.69 effective court days in Tribunal 6 8, cases concluding through an award that was appeal took longer: 904.79 effective court days to be solved in Tribunal 15 and 790.28 effective court days in Tribunal 6 8. The ordinary procedure requirements suggest the excessive formality of the process for resolving termination cases. The real question is how many cases actually pass through all these complicated stages. Table 2 shows the average duration of cases in court effective days depending on certain decisions of the parties, particularly, their decision to appeal the tribunals rulings and to defer the case. Note that 56.97% of the total cases from Tribunal 15 and 23.48% of the total cases from Tribunal 6 8 were filed settlements. These cases were resolved without passing through any of the above mentioned stages of an ordinary procedure and went to the court as a mere formality. The situation is different for litigated cases. Litigation cases are divided between those cases in which the parties deferred the case at least once and those in which the parties never deferred the case. As noted in the tables, the average duration is regularly higher when the parties decided to defer the case tha n when they chose not to defer it. Observe that the difference in duration of a lawsuit also depends on the parties decision to settle, drop, or go to trial seeking an adjudicated award. Finally, the duration of the case depends on whether the parties chose to appeal the rulings of the tribunal or not (including the award). Therefore, it is clear that when an award is issued to resolve a labor dispute or when the parties challenged the tribunals decision, the case was more delayed. However, the real question is how frequently this situation actually occurred. According to the evidence presented here, termination cases were rarely solved through an award (6.09% in Tribunal 15 and 9.76% in Tribunal 6 8), and even more rarely through an award issued after an appeal (1.88% in Tribunal 15 and 2.55% in Tribunal 6 8). Adjudicated awards and appeals appear to be more the exception than the rule. Short settled cases (i.e. filed settlements and settled lawsuits without appeal) instead of long disputes seem to be the typical termination case. Finally, and given the results presented in table 2, it is reasonable to believe that the substantial length of the adjudication process could be itself a contributing factor to the settlement of most cases. Although a profound analysis of such idea goes beyond the scope of this work, it should definitely be considered in further empirical studies. C. Termination cases normally go to trial The media and legal scholars in Mexico have portrayed Mexican labor justice as complicated, corrupted, delayed, and costly. This vision has deeply shaped the perception of the labor justice system. Cases reflecting the view of delayed justice and low final payments appear in the random sample of cases analyzed in this study. Although these cases exist in the data set, they do not at all reflect the typical case. First, case 1/1991 , which began in 1991. In this case, a 26 year old man filed a claim of unjustified termination. He worked in the state of Oaxaca, in a paper factory. He had worked for almost five years receiving a daily wage of $78 pesos and claimed $191,900 pesos. A public defender represented him. In 1995, after four years, an award issued by the judge determined that the termination had been lawful. Thus, the claim was dismissed without any payment to the worker. Second, case 2/1994, which began in 1994. In this lawsuit, a 32 year old man also claimed an unjustified termination. He worked in the state of Chihuahua for a pharmaceutical firm. He had worked for six years and received a daily wage of $307 pesos. A private lawyer represented him, and the amount at stake was $922,429 pesos. The lawyer appealed the first award, which had favored the employer. The final decision, rendered near the end of 1997, favored the worker, but only granted him $7,894 pesos. The case took slightly more than three years of effective court time; and interestingly, the parties decided to defer the case once during the process. At the end of the day, the worker waited three years and received only a small fraction of his original claim (less than 10%). Although the cases portrayed above match the descriptions provided in the news for termination cases that reach the trial stage, it is not clear that these cases are representative of the typical termination case with which the tribunal commonly deals. Other cases in the sample reflect a completely different result. In other words, high payments and little court time. For example, case 3/1994 began in 1994 when a 50 year old man from Mexico City claimed an unjustified dismissal after more than thirteen years of work at a well known pharmaceutical company. The case did not reach judicial evaluation of the merits, and was settled only three months after filing. Interestingly, the parties decided to defer the hearings twice, and a private lawyer represented the employee. The employee, who claimed $267,115 pesos, received $214,959, 80% of his original claim. In another termination case, 4/1997, a 57 year old man filed a lawsuit against a pharmaceutical company asking for $1,364,927 pesos. The employee had a 22 year tenure and a daily wage of $2,472 pesos daily salary. The case was settled after ten months, and the employee obtained $1,001,167 pesos, 73% of his original petition. Again, a private lawyer took the case, and the parties deferred the hearings twice. Note two relevant commonalities in the two cases presented: both settled before reaching the trial stage, and the parties decided to defer the hearings at some point in the process. This study finds that settled cases more accurately reflect the resolution of Mexican labor disputes than the cases highlighted in the media, which typically cover cases that go to trial and terminate with an adjudicated award. In other words, the media emphasize cases that usually take a long time to resolve; and in particular, cases in which workers obtain outlying results (very low or high payments). Although these cases eventually come up in labor tribunals, they are rare. A bias for highlighting cases that go to trial has been identified several times in the literature. Laurence Ross and Alfred Conrad showed, in 1970 and 1964 respectively, that only a very small fraction of disputes go to trial and an even smaller fraction are appealed. Consequently, an analysis based only on those cases that go to trial is not representative of the influence of legal rules on social affairs. The conclusions of doctrinal studies based on trials or appealed cases disclose very little about how legal rules affect the behavior of those subject to them or affect the generation of legal disputes themselves. Mexican literature concerning labor law in general, and particularly termination cases, has followed this pattern. The methodological problem in studying only final decisions, like appeals or awards, is that the: simple extrapolation from a sample of litigated cases to the population of all cases is valid only if the sample is random. If cases are not randomly selected for litigation, then a researcher who uses litigated cases is necessarily studying both the selection mechanism and the underlying population of cases simultaneously. The particular set of data gathered for this research avoids this problem to a great extent. First, as explained earlier, the labor statute requires parties to ratify terminations before the labor tribunal for the termination to become legally binding. If an employer fires an employee and wants to have a legal document verifying that the employee was fired without any violation of the provisions of the law, he needs to ratify his dismissal agreement before the labor tribunal. Therefore, termination cases (the underlying dispute) should pass by the court, at least for ratification. Second, cases sampled not only include filed settlements, but also cases that starte d as lawsuits and were later settled, dropped, or decided by an adjudicated award. In short, the random sample of cases studied accurately represents the solving pattern of termination cases because the cases analyzed are a random sample of the underlying disputes, not a random sample from a particular biased sub sample. Table 1 and 2 portray the solving pattern of termination cases in Mexico. Statistics from these tables suggest that the typical termination case is settled in some fashion, and that awards are issued occasionally. A brief survey of the Mexican literature shows that one of the main concerns for labor reformers in Mexico is the long delay in solving disputes. Table 1 and 2 show that this perspective is imprecise. Most of the disputes went to court merely seeking a ratification of the parties agreement and were solved the same day they were presented. On the other hand, if the dispute was not a mere ratification but litigation, duration varied greatly according to the way of solving the dispute and to the parties decision to appeal the tribunals decision (particularly the award). Therefore, it appears that when studies and news refer to delay in labor justice, they actually refer to a sub sample of cases with certain characteristics, in particular, to those cases that finish with an adj udicated award, are appealed, or both. Many analyses of Mexican labor justice in general, and of termination cases in particular, have not seen the whole picture, but only a small fraction of cases with extreme characteristics. These works, though somewhat useful, tend to be biased in their conclusions, and they definitely do not appear to be the best guide for implementing public policy measures or legislative changes. Interestingly, according to the tables, a final judgment (i.e. award) was issued only in 6.09% of the total cases sampled in Tribunal 15 and in 9.76% of the total cases sampled in Tribunal 6 8. Alexander reports that fewer than 5% of litigated cases are tried to judgment in the U.S. Trubek et al. state that approximately 8% of civil suits filed in state or federal court went to trial. Also, Resnik notes that 85% to 90% of all federal civil suits end up settling. Note that 86.14% of the sampled cases were settled in some manner in Tribunal 15 and 77.80% in Tribunal 6 8. Therefore, the results of the present study are consistent in supporting the conclusion that cases that go to trial provide only a distorted window into peoples behavior in response to legal rules. IV. Conclusions This article seeks to analyze termination using empirical evidence. Using a random sample of cases from three Mexican labor tribunals, this work has analyzed three widely held perceptions on termination cases, which are commonly supported by the Mexican media and some Mexican legal scholars. The conclusion is straightforward: the perception of termination cases in private industry has been biased by a sub sample of cases with extreme characteristics, cases that go to a final judgment or are appealed. Interestingly, this biased has not been detected by research on labor law produced by Mexican scholars who study the law from a doctrinal perspective, proving that limiting the study of the legal system to doctrinal analyses of legal norms could lead to erroneous conclusions. Approaching research questions from an empirical perspective is necessary, and it will eventually reveal new features of the Mexican legal system.